Two capitals, one realisation. In Almaty and Tashkent, the war in Ukraine stopped being distant the day Ukrainian strikes hit infrastructure linked to Yandex, the platform millions in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan rely on for taxis, maps, search and deliveries. If an app can be switched off by someone else’s war, governments reasoned, it is not really infrastructure. It is a dependency.
What followed is one of the more interesting technology stories of the year: data-localisation rules gaining teeth, local platforms winning investment and users, and new data centres and fibre routes designed to keep Central Asia’s internet running on Central Asian terms. This post walks through the race to build homegrown platforms, and what it means for the region’s users and startups.
The immediate trigger was military: Ukrainian strikes that hit infrastructure linked to Yandex, the technology giant long treated as the default search, taxi, maps and delivery layer across much of the Russian-speaking internet. For users in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, the disruption was a practical reminder that services they use every day can become collateral in a war being fought elsewhere.
What changes for ordinary users
For users, sovereignty mostly arrives as small frictions and small improvements: an app that now stores data locally and loads faster, a payment service that keeps working when an international one stutters, a government portal that no longer depends on foreign hosting. Few people will describe any of this as geopolitics. They will judge it the way consumers everywhere do, on whether the taxi arrives and the transfer clears.
Analysts who follow the region, including coverage in The Diplomat, have noted how quickly the conversation in Astana and Tashkent turned from sympathy to strategy. If a foreign platform can be degraded by missiles, sanctions or a headquarters decision taken in Moscow or Amsterdam, then depending on it for payments, transport and government-adjacent services starts to look like a vulnerability rather than a convenience.
A regional pattern, not a local exception
Central Asia is not alone. From the Gulf to Southeast Asia, middle powers are drawing the same conclusion from the same decade of shocks: digital dependence is a strategic exposure, and resilience has a price worth paying. What makes Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan instructive is their starting point, deep integration with Russian-language platforms, and the speed with which a distant strike converted an abstract argument into a procurement priority.
Both countries had already been moving. Kazakhstan’s digital-government stack and its Kaspi-centred fintech ecosystem are substantially domestic, while Uzbekistan has used its IT Park programme and tax incentives to pull startups and outsourcers into Tashkent. Data-localisation rules in both countries require certain categories of personal data to be stored on servers inside their borders.
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Skills are the real bottleneck
Every strategy document in the region eventually arrives at the same constraint: people. Data centres can be financed and fibre can be laid, but platform sovereignty requires thousands of engineers, product managers, security specialists and data scientists, and Central Asia’s universities and bootcamps are racing to produce them. Scholarships, diaspora-return programmes and remote-work hubs all feature in the plans. In the long run, the region’s digital independence will be decided less by strikes or statutes than by whether enough of its young talent chooses to build at home.
Whether the new domestic champions can match the polish of the platforms they are replacing remains an open question, and users will vote with their thumbs. But the direction of travel is set: more local data, more local platforms, and a region determined that the next disruption, wherever it starts, will not be able to switch Central Asia off.
